Geneva is the seat of Fillmore County, originally platted in 1871 under the name "Henry" before quickly being renamed Geneva -- accounts differ on whether the name honors Geneva, New York, Geneva, Switzerland, or was suggested by a child who wanted it named for the family's former home of Geneva, Illinois. The town's centerpiece is the Fillmore County Courthouse, built in 1894 and topped with a three-story clock tower added in 1909; the building is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Geneva sits along U.S. Route 81, part of the Pan-American Highway. With a 2020 population of 2,136, it remains the county's largest community. Geneva has produced several notable figures, including 2020 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences winner Robert B. Wilson, Kate Barnard, the first woman elected to statewide office in Oklahoma, and Olympic javelin thrower Maggie Malone. Geneva also shares, with Minden and Hartington, the distinction of recording Nebraska's all-time high temperature of 118 degrees F, set July 15, 1934.

As Fillmore County's seat and largest town, Geneva functions as the county's administrative and commercial hub, anchored by its historic courthouse square. Though modestly declining in population like much of rural Nebraska, the town's notable natives and its distinctive, still-debated naming history give it a stronger identity than many small county seats.